![]() ![]() Interoception is the perception of sensations from inside the body and includes the perception of physical sensations related to internal organ function such as heart beat, respiration, satiety, as well as the autonomic nervous system activity related to emotions ( Vaitl, 1996 Cameron, 2001 Craig, 2002 Barrett et al., 2004). Embodiment theorists in philosophy and anthropology wrote about ‘bringing the body back’ into conceptualization of the self ( Evans et al., 1991 Csordas, 1994), a view supported recently in neuroscience by interoception models ( Craig, 2015) that indicate how the body and mind interact in complex ways to influence each other as they are expressed and understood as emotion. Scientists who followed found that locating the origins of organized emotional response in the body provided a foundation for more nuanced and complex models of emotion response and regulation augmented by cognitive activities such as appraisal and sensitivity to internal signals ( Damasio, 1999, 2005). more cognitively-oriented, there has been increased integration and elaboration of the separate perspectives ( Izard et al., 1984). As theories have shifted between being more bodily-oriented vs. With a shift, the 20 th century saw an emphasis on the role of mind in determining emotion responses, and furthermore in articulating treatment such as cognitive therapy for emotional pain and dysfunction. The evolutionary model was subsequently modified in embodied theories of emotional experience ( James, 1890 Schachter and Singer, 1962) to include the important roles of awareness and interpretation of bodily cues. Are emotional feelings pre-conscious, arriving fully formed and physically coherent, and then later interpreted by the mind to be named and understood? Or is it the case that cognitive interpretations of the self and context trigger emotional responses that will organize and energize an emotional response, with consciousness of bodily cues and feelings following?Įarly science of emotion pointed to a bodily source: a patterned emotional response in the service of survival. At one end of the continuum it is bodily cues and sensations that are the key source and explanation for emotional experience, at the other it is cognitive processes. Such shifts in theoretical perspectives often appear to travel along a particular continuum that leans toward either body-oriented or mind-oriented explanations. Results from research are also included to highlight the acceptability, safety, health outcomes, and possible mechanisms underlying the MABT approach.Įmotion theory and understanding have undergone notable shifts as the field of emotion science has developed. Clinical vignettes are included to provide exemplars of this approach and to highlight key components of the therapeutic process. To address this issue, MABT provides an individualized protocol for scaffolding interoceptive awareness through a combination of psychoeducation and somatic approaches explicitly addressing difficulties with interoceptive processing. Strategies for teaching and learning interoceptive awareness are not well-developed in mindfulness or psychotherapeutic approaches, particularly important for people who may have difficulty attending to interoceptive awareness due to stress, chronic pain or trauma. The explanatory model is that the development of these key interoceptive capacities improves sensory (physical and emotional) awareness, reduces distress, and improves regulation. MABT develops the distinct interoceptive awareness capacities of identifying, accessing, and appraising internal bodily signals that are identified in physiological models as the critical components of interoception for emotion regulation. A mind-body therapeutic approach called mindful awareness in body-oriented therapy (MABT), uniquely designed to teach fundamental skills of interoceptive awareness, is described. This paper presents a framework, based on psychological and neurobiological research, for understanding how interoceptive awareness facilitates regulation and an integrated sense of self, and thus contributes to health and well-being. There is compelling evidence demonstrating links between poor or disrupted awareness of sensory information, or interoceptive awareness, and difficulties with emotion regulation. Effective emotion regulation involves the ability to accurately detect and evaluate cues related to physiological reactions to stressful events, accompanied by appropriate regulation strategies that temper and influence the emotional response. School of Nursing, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, United StatesĮmotion regulation involves a coherent relationship with the self, specifically effective communication between body, mind, and feelings. ![]()
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